Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency

Introduction Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease with a prevalence rate of more than 4% in 75-year-old people or older (1). In postmortem studies (2, 3), cardiac amyloidosis (CA), especially "wild-type transthyretin" (ATTRwt), has shown a prevalence rate ranging from 22% to 25% in people older than 80 years, with a predominance for male patients. The detection of the concomitant presence of CA and AS is seeing an increase because of new available diagnostic tools. However, the diagnostic process is challenging primarily because of the similar type of changes in the left ventricle (LV) structure and function caused by AS and CA, which share some morphological characteristics (4). Diagnostic management of these conditions appears critical, as it has been shown that the association of AS and CA increases the risk of mortality, especially because both pathologies are associated with heart failure (HF) development (5–8). In a case series, ATTR

Introduction Bacterial infections have been associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in the short (Clayton et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2012; Dalager-Pedersen et al., 2014) and long (Chen et al., 2012; Bergh et al., 2017) term. While serious infections carry the biggest risk (Jafarzadeh et al., 2016), less severe local infections, such as periodontal infections, were also found to increase long-term CV risk (Sanz et al., 2020; Zardawi et al., 2020), notably via the promotion of atherosclerosis (Beukers et al., 2017). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) at all stages is associated with significantly increased cardiovascular (CV) risk (Gansevoort et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2014), with patients on dialysis showing a 20-fold increase in CV mortality (Gansevoort et al., 2013). In CKD patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD), bacterial peritonitis is a common occurrence, and increas