Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency

Abstract Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by varying severity of arterial stenosis, exercise induced claudication, malperfused tissue precluding normal healing and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Revascularization interventions improve circulation, but post-reperfusion changes within the skeletal muscle are not well characterized. This study investigates if revascularization enhanced hemodynamics increases walking performance with concurrent improvement of mitochondrial function and reverses abnormal skeletal muscle morphological features that develop with PAD. Fifty-eight patients completed walking performance testing and muscle biopsy before and 6 months after revascularization procedures. Muscle fiber morphology, desmin structure, and mitochondria respiration assessments before and after the revascularization were evaluated. Revascularization improved limb hemodynamics, walking function, and muscle morphology. Qualitatively not all participants recovered normal

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), also known as peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a common condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your extremities, and most commonly the legs. Your arteries are also part of your circulatory system (sometimes called your cardiovascular system) and are responsible for carrying fresh, oxygen-rich blood to your organs. In the U.S., PAD affects more than 6.5 million people over 40 years old. Having PAD raises your risk for heart attack, stroke, and other severe health conditions. PAD can lead to symptoms like leg pain, numbness, or weakness. In severe cases, it may even cause critical limb ischemia, which can lead to tissue damage. Treatment typically involves lifestyle management techniques such as avoiding smoking, exercising regularly, and managing contributing conditions like diabetes. Medications and procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may also be used to improve your blood flow and alleviate symptoms.

Introduction Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is caused by a reversal of flow in the vertebral artery (VA) ipsilateral to a stenosis or occlusion of the prevertebral subclavian artery (SA) (1). Patients with obstructive SA may exhibit upper extremity claudication, syncope, dizziness, or arm coolness owing to arterial insufficiency in the brain (vertebrobasilar insufficiency) or upper extremity, which are both supplied by the SA (1–3). The most common cause of SA stenosis is atherosclerosis (3). The standard practice consists in conservative management for asymptomatic patients while interventions are performed for patients suffering from SSS (3, 4). Treatment of SA steno-occlusive disease includes either extra-thoracic surgical approaches, or endovascular approaches through stent assisted percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (SAPTA). Extra-thoracic operations (subclavian-carotid transposition and carotid-subclavian bypass) for the treatment of SA stenosis and occlusions have been h